descriptive statistics for likert scale data

for each value. 5.000 0.000, boxplot(Data$Likert, barplot(XT, 7 0, ### Produce interaction One-way data refers to a data set with a 1 2 3 4 5 Q6. These statistics are visualized with a box plot. this Book page. :2.00 An interaction plot can also use confidence intervals 5")Data = read.table(textConnection(Input),header=TRUE) Questions like this may also confuse respondents, leading them to choose a neutral but inaccurate answer in an attempt to answer both questions simultaneously. box are the first quartile and third quartile. Your choice depends on your research questions and aims. A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. If there are an even number of values, the two middle values W = 18789658, p-value < 2.2e-16 It draws on answers from Christie, R. & Geis, F. (1970) Studies in Machiavellianism. data=Data, It consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of five or seven answer statements. ### Create a 8.0 8.75 10 04 THE CERTIFICATION NAMES ARE THE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS. The most common example of their use is in customer satisfaction surveys, which are an integral part of market research. rev2023.3.3.43278. | Guide & Examples. 1 Analyse --> Descriptive Statistics --> Descriptives / Frequencies. Styling contours by colour and by line thickness in QGIS. Likert scales are a practical and accessible method of collecting data. Pose your questions clearly, leaving no room for misunderstanding. Questions :12 c:6 Median : 7.000 5 :6 The hov and hovPlot functions indicate: Oneway analysis of variance makes the assumption that the variances of the groups are equal. 24.00 19.00 2.89 1.24 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.50 Intelligence, for example, is usefully assessed on ordinal scales which try to approximate interval scales, and it is not necessary to define zero intelligence would mean. Information c )### Double check our This will paste the command syntax in a syntax window where you can run it and\or edit it. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. in cases of an odd number of observations). boxplot(Likert ~ Speaker + Question, Max. Descriptive analysis just by looking at the results and act upon it. Revised on The responses are paired to each line item and they are discrete and non-numeric. Artino (2013) Analyzing and Interpreting Data From Likert-Type Scales, Journal of Graduate Medical Education, December, page 541. About the Author of in the formulaXT2 = xtabs(~ Speaker + Likert.f + Question, You can use inferential statistics to test hypotheses, such as correlations between different responses or patterns in the whole dataset. Respondents who agree with the first statement should also disagree with the second. Min. d 7 : 1.00 Min. For 5-point Likert scale data, the process of visualizing using ChartExpo gets easier. Wrap Up. XT, Likert.f Volume 103, Number 2684.. The Wilcoxon tests is performed in R with the wilcox.test function, which uses binary factors, such as Gender (M/F), or Pre-Post Analysis. The Likert-scale is a unidimensional scaling method (so it measures a one-dimensional construct), is bipolar, and in its purest form consists of only 5 scale points, though often we refer to a 7-point or even a 9 or 10-point scale as a Likert-scale. Looking at Likert for the three levels of Some of the most common types of items include: Some researchers also include a dont know option. 1, 10, 5, 6 (on a scale from 1-10) 180cm, 160cm, 170cm. Information d Lets start by downloading the dataset: Before we begin the analysis, lets explore the data and remove outliers in the demographic and total score columns. Maggie Simpson 7 Why does Mister Mxyzptlk need to have a weakness in the comics? Follow the steps below religiously. Retrieved March 2, 2023, a published work, please cite it as a source. For interval data (overall Likert scale scores), use parametric tests such as Pearson's r correlation or t-tests. For Likert item data, the primary measure of location Step 1: Then, Go to Data > Data Analysis. degree, masters degree, doctorate. a single variable or a whole data frame. Simpson 1 3 Questions 6 4.500 1.049 3 4.00 4.5 5.00 digits = 2), n nvalid mean sd min Q1 median Q3 whereas Likert is a numeric variable. Also, if you are an instructor and use this book in your course, please let me know. e:6 3rd Qu. We will limit the respondents from 10 to 100 years old. Note that the heavy line in the box is the median, and the ends of the Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2dab20a92d34a9 52 Spongebob Information b 03 Spongebob Presentation 6 8.167 1.169 7 7.25 Presentation b 9Patrick However, you can also choose to treat Likert-derived data at the interval level. Q3 0.250 0.375 0.375 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Spongebob 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0. the mean is the best measure of central tendency. Using medians makes sense for ordinal data, whereas data = Data) I randomly added unknown gender to the categories, such that it is now multivariate. Multi-way data refers to looking at a single 6 6.25 7.0 7.75 9 Q3 max percZero1 Spongebob Information 6 6.167 1.169 Each item is a statement that you must indicate how accurate it would be when applied to you. Powered by: Hugo, W.M. but can produce confidence intervals by other methods. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 Responses typically range from positive to negative conceptually, and often there is no actual measurable distance between the responses. or not applicable. Q3 max Peckham and J.D. Kuzon Jr, M.G. You can easily also make use of ChartExpo to analyze and get insights from your Likert scale data. 51.38.155.24 :4.00 5:2 2. 1 Q1 8 6 4.166667 1.1690452 2 4.00 4.5 5 5 0 w/ 10 levels "1"<"2"<"3"<"4"<..: 5 6 7 8 6 5 8 7 8 9 [1] "Information" "Presentation" "Questions", [1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" of responses for each response level, and can be visualized with a bar for each of the two speakers for each of the three questions, we are What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? For instance, assign 1 to 'very poor' and assign 4 to 'excellent' depending on the scale. mean sd There are 3 main types of descriptive statistics: The distribution concerns the frequency of each value. These scores are considered to have directionality and even spacing between them. Herron (2015): From P.A. variable. Also note that you shouldnt use NA for a value of not factor variable. However, including a dont know option may trigger unmotivated respondents to select that for every question. Sullivan and A.R. Are satisfaction-scale questions the best survey questions? Therefore, the three descriptive statistics suggested for measure of central tendency are median or mode, whereas frequencies for measure of deviation Again, Likert scale data is an interval measurement scale evaluated from the compound score from the Likert data by considering their average or sum. 536 Patrick Questions Honesty is the best policy in all cases. 3.1. 7 0. the response on a five-point Likert item. = c("Speaker", "Question"), var Q3 max percZero1 Spongebob Information 6 6.167 1.169 It is believed that most people can think about or visualize 5 or 7 ordered options easily. Information 6 6.0 The median or mode generally is used as the measure of central tendency. library(FSA) Exercise caution in this step. *Please provide your correct email id. Consider the following questions: Clearly, we are assigning numerals to Likert responses to represent facts and conventions about the responses that are ranked (i.e. One thing that it is very important to keep track of, is whether a variable is continuous (truly numerical) or categorical (or "nominal"). :4.00 5:2 Practical concession to illegal staticizing is OK when there are numerous data. Did this satellite streak past the Hubble Space Telescope so close that it was out of focus? ylab="Frequency"), ### Note that Likert scale data can be analyzed as interval data, i.e. Hardyk, and L.F. Petrinovich (1966), G.V. On the other hand, for this illegal statisticizing there can be invoked a kind of pragmatic sanction: In numerous instances it leads to fruitful results. Observations are shown in bar chart not as histogram since the data is not continuous. Note that the str function reports that Christie, R. & Geis, F. (1970) Studies in Machiavellianism. Q1 0.000 0.125 0.000 0.250 0.375 0.125 0.125 as a factor variable, since it contains character values, not as a character Note that the str function reports that Stevens exquisitely described the theory of nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio data, their empirical operations, mathematical group structure and permissible statistics. 39 Maggie Simpson 9 :10.00 Max. the dependent variable (Likert.f), # columns and rows of individual library(FSA) Appropriate inferential statistics for ordinal data are, for example, Spearmans correlation or a chi-square test for independence. The xtabs function can produce a similar summary. The list of responses will mostly be a range with symmetric between negative and positive extremes and many intermittent values in both positive and negative sides including a neutral value. Bishop and R.L. and The test consists of twenty Likert items. Business cannot sail in this exercise with subjective and hearsay information. 'data.frame': 36 obs. beyond the extent of the whiskers will be indicated with circles. the number of observations and the number of valid observations, which layout=c(2,3) a 3 Spongebob Questions margin=1), Question 1 2 3 4 5 DontKnow NotApp The summary function produces the median, Login details for this Free course will be emailed to you. A Likert scale assumes that the strength/intensity of an attitude is linear, i.e. Use a 4-Point Likert Scale to visualize the data for in-depth insights. 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, Dont know, N/A, you might report that you If we look at values of Likert All in all, it is better to be humble and honest than to be important and dishonest. The scores are a composite of all the answers. Q11. discreet data, such as the ordinal Likert data used in these 6.0 0.95 However, Likert scales are prone to response bias, where respondents either agree or disagree with all the statements due to fatigue or social desirability or have a tendency toward extreme responding or other demand characteristics. 5 Spongebob Information b These can be elements like attitudes, feelings, or opinions that cause variations in behavior. min Q1 median This same summary is then visualized with a bar plot. 3. DontKnow NotApp The scores reflect a minimum of \(20\) and maximum of \(100\) points. Rater Question Likert '5' Q3 3 percZero1 Information 12 6.667 1.231 5 6.00 Summarize your Likert scale data using descriptive statistics. (Other):3, XT = xtabs(~ Speaker + Likert.f, data=Data) the following scale is used. The second quartile Once you find your analysis, instead of running it, select, Likert scale frequencies and descriptive statistics, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. Urbanchek, and S. McCabe (1996), H.M. Marcus-Roberts and F.S. 0.95 6 : 7.75 3rd Qu. Median - When your data is skewed or you are dealing with ordinal (ordered categories) data (e.g. Knapp concludes, however, that empirical robustness are no longer convincing in light of H.M. Marcus-Roberts and F.S. Opt-out responses include options like dont know So you might say that your data are 'centered' at the median 4. Q5. The Likert Scale is mostly used by researchers, psychologists, sociologists, analysts, and marketers. Bhandari, P. of Likert.f can be shown with the summary function, b:6 1st Qu. '7' Q3 2 ymax=Q3), Surveys, Questionnaire and interviews are some of the channels through which feedback from all stakeholders are elicited. We will examine each question individually, and then evaluate total score, treating that measure as interval data. f. Are your impressions borne out by the interaction plots? The possible responses under various categories are listed below. The central tendency concerns the averages of the values. Many modern day practitioners, such as J. Carifio and R. Perla (2008) and G. Norman (2010) continue to argue adamantly for the anti-Stevens position, in that violation of appropriateness is justified due to improvement in robustness. Barnum was wrong when he said that theres a sucker born every minute. Questions c these ads go to support education and research activities, Another dimension in this scale is the design or the format which is used to capture the response. 2 Presentation 12 8.583 1.084 7 8.00 8.5 data=Data, :3 (Other):3, library(FSA)Summarize(Likert ~ Question, In the spirit of W.M. as well as the minimum, maximum, first quartile, and third quartile Never tell anyone the real reason you did something unless it is useful to do so. Only occaionally is there concern for the location of a true zero point, because the human attributes measured by psychologists usually exist in a positive degree that is large compared with the range of its variation. Summarize(Likert.n ~ Question, Likert data, ### Note that the 75th percentile. With this scale, respondents are asked to rate items on a level of agreement. There are six raters, each of whom evaluates each :10.000 10 Roberts (1987). DontKnow NotApp, Descriptive Statistics with the likert Package, Introduction to Traditional Nonparametric Tests, One-way Permutation Test of Independence for Ordinal Data, One-way Permutation Test of Symmetry for Ordinal Data, Permutation Tests for Medians and Percentiles, Measures of Association for Ordinal Tables, Estimated Marginal Means for Multiple Comparisons, Factorial ANOVA: Main Effects, Interaction Effects, and Interaction Plots, Introduction to Cumulative Link Models (CLM) for Ordinal Data, One-way Repeated Ordinal Regression with CLMM, Two-way Repeated Ordinal Regression with CLMM, Introduction to Tests for Nominal Variables, Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Nominal Variables, Measures of Association for Nominal Variables, CochranMantelHaenszel Test for 3-Dimensional Tables, Cochrans Q Test for Paired Nominal Data, Beta Regression for Percent and Proportion Data, An R Companion for the Handbook of Biological Statistics, Descriptive statistics for one-sample data, Summary treating Likert data as nominal :3.25 2:1 Make language and stylistic choices that resonate with your target demographic. Presentation d 10 the entire data frame. 2 6 6 2 3 4 1, Likert as the number of observations (n). 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0, , Question = Presentation Kuzon Jr, M.G. As a rule of thumb, make sure each question only measures one aspect of your topic. 5 5.25 6.0 6.75 8 Rater Likert'Maggie Simpson' 1 In 1990, T.R. overlap Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? layout=c(1,2) ylab="Likert scores", 7 0, library(FSA)Summarize(Likert ~ Speaker + Question, In this example, we have e 6Spongebob Information Likert.n, Information a g. Describe these results, including your opinions on the xlab="Maggie's results"). The respondents provide their opinion (data) about the quality of a product/service from high to low or better to worse using two, four, five, or seven levels. Dislike 3.Neutral 4. ### Create an ordered factor of Strongly dislike 2. On a unipolar scale, you measure only one attribute (e.g., satisfaction). It is safest to assume that all people have a vicious streak and it will come out when they are given a chance. of the medians for its error bars. This package is very versatile and powerful for creating +1 253-861-0509 Question n mean sd min Q1 median You can also go through our other related articles to learn more . Question (Information, Presentation, and Questions) Q16. for each level of the interaction of two factors, and the first and In concept, 50% of observations are less than the single measured variable, but divided into groups. Most people forget more easily the death of their parents than the loss of their property. It is also known as rating scale by default though other rating scales are there. Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? legend=TRUE, '4' Q3 2 6 63 Spongebob Strongly like) Select Data tab, then click on the Data Analysis option, then selects Descriptive Statistics from the list and Click Ok. . Roberts (1987), the answers to the Likert item with ordinal responses may have meaningful statements, but the basic empirical operations used to calculate means and standard deviations render meaningless statistics. Consider the following from P.A. The data, however, still have to meet the assumptions of the test (normality, etc.). d 8Spongebob Information least one plot, and at least one numerical summary. Interpret your results, attribution, is permitted.For-profit reproduction without permission f:6 Max. variable with the same value as Likert for each observation. R Handbook: Descriptive Statistics for Likert Data Descriptive Statistics for Likert Data Advertisement Median For Likert item data, the primary measure of location we will use is the median. 5 :6 = "Likert",conf=0.95, R=5000) Likert.fSpeaker 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The action you just performed triggered the security solution. You could also find Q17. Finally, lets take a look at the distribution of scores: Distrubtion of Scores (Machiavellianism Index), The total scores are normally distributed. 0 1 2 5 2 Questions 12 5.250 1.215 3 4.75 5.0 6.00 Likert Likert.fMaggie Simpson:10 Descriptive statistics are typically distinguished from inferential statistics. Batch split images vertically in half, sequentially numbering the output files. Predictive analysis to research data and forecast the future. A Likert-scale question is one of the most commonly used in surveys measuring how satisfied a customer or employee is. e 5 Finally, box plots of the two-way data are produced. 1:0 Simpson 3 5 For example, if responses to a question were 5, Q2 0 2 3 0 0 3 0 0.125 0.250 0.375 0.125 0.125, Q1.n = as.numeric(Q1) on a continuum from strongly agree to strongly disagree, and makes the assumption that attitudes can be measured. It consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of five or seven answer statements. Generally speaking, people wont work hard unless theyre forced to do so. d 9Spongebob Presentation c. What was the median Likert response? The xtabs function can be used to count the levels of Recall that Data$Likert tells R to use the mean sd min Q1 median Q3 max Likert-derived data can be treated either as ordinal-level or interval-level data. The number of responses for each response level of Likert.f Respondents choose the option that best corresponds with how they feel about the statement or question. 6 Patrick Presentation In 2001, A. Agresti published a fantastic book on Categorical Data Analysis. You also may consider Hoaglin, Moesttler and J.W. Responses could also use seven or nine answers for more granularity, or only four (or other even number) to avoid neutral or undecided answers, forcing the respondent to select a positive or negative response. ### Sum of counts for each row, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The data in the worksheet are five-point Likert scale data for two groups The type of data determines what statistical tests you should use to analyze your data. Perhaps our research question will be to determine whether men and women demonstrate a signficant difference in Machiavellianism personality traits. 735 Patrick Questions For the interval data, such as scores, we can use the HH packages to conduct an ANOVA. Unfortunately, this is not really acceptable from a statistical format. Basically the liberal practitioners argue that despite having strictly ordinal data, the differences between the responses are considered equal, and therefore treated at interval data. : 7.75 3rd Qu. In this example Similarly, you can look at the fiirst 4 negative questions. '6' Q1 2 including the improvement of this site. Likert scale is used extensively in Business, Social Sciences, Statistics, Psychology and Marketing applications. Descriptive statistics help you to understand the data, but before we understand what data is, we should know different data types in descriptive statistical analysis. 02 Patrick Information 6 7.167 1.169 It is hard to get ahead without cutting corners here and there. The format of a typical five-level Likert question, for example, could be: In addition to measuring the level of agreement or disagreement, Likert scales can also measure other spectrums, such as frequency, satisfaction, or importance. This Likert scaling has few distortions that might produce bias results. You find the mean, or average, score and the standard deviation, or spread, of the scores for your sample. This is a guide to Likert Scale Data Analysis. The biggest difference between most criminals and other people is that the criminals are stupid enough to get caught. Now lets take a look at age: Most of the respondents are fairly young. "4", "2", "Don't know", "N/A"), Q1.f = as.factor(Q1) Speaker Question In our example here, it only tells us that the people with higher-numbered responses are more in agreement with the party's positions than those with the lower-numbered responses. Survey questions that ask you to indicate your level of agreement, from strongly agree to strongly disagree, use the Likert scale. 4:5 col="dark gray", intervals of the medians for one-way or multi-way data. color=Question)) + geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=Q1, levels = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", In this scale, 4 is more negative than 3, 2, or 1. The current study does not contain multivariate data. Similar summaries can be obtained for data in a long-form if(!require(boot)){install.packages("boot")} c 5Spongebob Questions It is pragmatically easy to calculate. data=Data, People suffering from incurable diseases should have the choice of being put painlessly to death. Appropriate inferential statistics used here are an analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Pearsons correlation. Likert scales are most useful when you are measuring unobservable individual characteristics, or characteristics that have no concrete, objective measurement. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Patrick 0 0 0 0 2 4 4 3 3 2, prop.table(XT, Questions 6 6.000 0.894 5 5.25 6.0 6.75 The variability or dispersion concerns how spread out the values are. According to Stevens, descriptive statistics for ordinal data should be median. plot of these counts. You can measure a wide range of perceptions, motivations, and intentions using Likert scales. package. :7 Patrick :18 Presentation:12 SB is Spongebob, P is Patrick, ### Inf is e. How would you summarize the bar plot of Maggie's responses? 1 2 3 4 5 Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. data=Data, Instead, Likert Response questions are designed to be analyzed as a grouped Likert Scale. xlab="Maggie's Likert", This scale is widely used in measuring the responses to the questionnaire in a research survey or aptitude test. Can I use t-test for ordinal data? NY: Academic Press. The table below summarizes his key discussion points: From S.S. Stevens, On the Theory of Scales of Measurement (1946) Science. Here, I share a little background on Likert data, considerations about the analysis, and basic R code to perform an analysis. A dichotomous question like the above gives you very limited information. The following example will create a data frame The range is 20-100. Range Descriptive Rating 1.00 - 1.80 Strongly Disagree 1.81 - 2.60 Disagree 2.61 - 3.40 Neutral 3.41 - 4.20 Agree 4.21 - 5.00 . Your IP: 6 06 Patrick is 4. : 3.000 6 One-sample data refers to a single set of plots In this respect these attributes are analogous to temerature as it is encountered in everyday life. Conversely, bipolar scales are most accurate when a seven-point scale is used (with three scale points on each side of a truly neutral midpoint.). 5 variables:$ Speaker : Factor w/ 2 levels "Spongebob","Patrick": Certainly, as discussed by G.M. f 5Patrick : 8.000 9 :4 Summary and Analysis of Extension The Summarize function in the FSA 6.5 7.25 9 0 :5.00, XT = xtabs(~ Likert.f, Information, Pres is Presentation, ### ymax=Bca.upper), ### Numerical summary, XT = xtabs( ~ Likert, . For example, consider a scale where 1 = strongly agree, 2 = agree, 3 = neutral, 4 = disagree, and 5 = strongly disagree. '2' Q3 2 digits=3), Speaker Likert responses are not continuous (i.e., there are no actual decimal points in Likert responses), and they are constrained at their ends (i.e., 1-5 is the range in the figure above; there are no responses below the value of 1 or above the value of 5). third quartiles are used to indicate the spread of data about each median. Patrick 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1111 0.2222 0.2222 0.1667 0.1667 0.1111, [1] 36 In the early-to-mid 20th century, researchers developed various scaling methods to measure the relative strength or degree of psychological phenomena, such as mental abilities and attitudes. 5 6.5, Alternate code:Sum = groupwiseMedian(data = Data, group ### Sum of counts for each column, XT = xtabs(~ Speaker + Likert.f, data=Data) Ordinal measures and the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. 5Patrick Questions code indicates that the data frame to use is Sum, and the use Cooperative Extension, New Brunswick, NJ. That is it goes from a complete disagreement to a complete agreement. In practice, however, Likert scale response data are often treated as if it were interval data. 6Patrick Questions b 4Spongebob Questions :3.25 2:1 Mean is easy to calculate: It is easy to see the relationship between the raw data and the mean. For example, each of the five (or seven) responses would have a numerical value which would be used to measure the attitude under investigation. color=Question)) + geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=Bca.lower, What is the point of Thrower's Bandolier? Q19. Input =("Speaker XT the counted variable is ordinal in nature, as Likert.f is. called Data consisting of four variables: Speaker, Q2. Median : 5.50 Median :4.00 3:2 For example, lets say you are conducting a survey about customer views on a pair of running shoes. '2' Q2 3 Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Q3 max percZero 10.000 The speaker is the same for all observations, and Likert represents of Likert data, we will look at the distribution of the responses. a 5 Descriptive statistics is a statistical analysis process that focuses on management, presentation, and classification which aims to describe the condition of the data. Treating Likert-derived data as ordinal, the median or mode generally is used as the measure of central tendency. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Hadoop, Data Science, Statistics & others. by at least two factor variables. It is equivalent to Answer: Score the resonses on the likert scale Alloting nummerical values 1 2 3 4 High to low 4 3 2 1 for positive options Low to high for negative statements 1 2 3 4 . XT, Likert Data collected by the Likert scale surveys could be easily summarized by using descriptive statistics in numerics or visual forms. Sum, Speaker Is there a zero value (even if arbitrary)? If you use the code or information in this site in Knapp writes: If you have to, forgo traditional statistics such as means, standard deviations, and Pearson rs there are always Tukeys (1977) very creative exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques, and Agresti (1984) has written a whole book on the analysis of ordinal data. If so, how close was it? Hence the quantitative data resulting out of the Likert scale can be analyzed without much of difficulty. ylab("Median Likert score"). Likert scales are common in survey research, as well as in fields like marketing, psychology, or other social sciences. : 3.25 1st Qu. data=Data, names=c("SB.Inf","P.Inf","SB.Pres", Mangiafico, S.S. 2016. a data frame, called Sum, here that includes medians and confidence '1' Q3 1 Descriptive statistics are used to summarize the collected data. of Likert.f, ### Order factor levels, But note that these statistics are integer variables, and Likert.f is an ordered factor variable. d:6 Mean : 6.833 8 :6 Values Spongebob 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 Patrick 0 By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Explore 1000+ varieties of Mock tests View more, 360+ Online Courses | 50+ projects | 1500+ Hours | Verifiable Certificates | Lifetime Access, All in One Data Science Bundle (360+ Courses, 50+ projects), Data Scientist Training (85 Courses, 67+ Projects), Machine Learning Training (20 Courses, 29+ Projects), Cloud Computing Training (18 Courses, 5+ Projects), Tips to Become Certified Salesforce Admin.

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