stages of development of tropical cyclone ingrid

8.31. This means that tropical cyclones spin counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), with corresponding variations in their spiral rainband structure. Ingrid skirted the "Top End" of the Northern Territory on 12 and 13 March impacting many coastal communities. Fig. The most recently identified mechanisms contributing to tropical cyclogenesis in each of the affected ocean basins are given in Fig. Mller, J. D., S. C. Jones, 1998: Potential vorticity inversion for tropical cyclones using the asymmetric balance theory. 8:36, Cyclone Ingrid maintains intensity (from ABC News Online - Wednesday, 9 March 2005. Starting in Queensland, Ingrid crossed Cape York at a remote location, uprooting trees and stripping the foliage and bark from many more. It was not until 1984 that scientists from Colorado State University began publishing regular forecasts of annual tropical cyclone activity for the North Atlantic basin.162,170. The parallax error is about 5 km at 37 GHz compared with 1020 km for 85 GHz. Observed breakdown of the continuous monsoon trough (top) into three tropical cyclones (3rd panel) over a period of a week. Twenty-two fatalities were directly attributed to Wilma: 12 in Haiti, 1 in Jamaica, 4 in Mexico, and 5 in Florida. Indeed, tropical cyclone developments for the 1991 eastern Pacific season were preferentially downstream of inertially unstable zones (such as the Caribbean) consistent with the continued progression of equatorial waves across the Western Hemisphere tropics.56. The SH has much smaller land masses and mountain ranges than the NH, providing less obstruction to the atmospheric flow. Annual cycle of the geographic distribution of regions supporting tropical and baroclinic storm development in the a) NH and b) SH. Gonu was blamed for only three fatalities in Iran; in contrast 25 fatalities were reported in Oman, with about the same number of people reported missing. 131. Fig. Landsea, C. W., W. M. Gray, 1992: The strong association between western Sahelian monsoon rainfall and intense Atlantic hurricanes. 28. Parallax errors occur when a satellite's slanted viewing angle places features away from their actual location. equivalent potential temperature () above the boundary layer that is equal to e of the boundary layer air. Another location rarely considered as a tropical cyclone center is the Gulf of Oman, so the intrusion of Tropical Cyclone Gonu into this region was an unexpected event (Box 8-8). MIMIC creates a sequence of synthetic TC microwave images for the periods between actual satellite microwave observations by four LEO microwave instruments: the DMSP13/14 SSM/I (85 GHz channel), the TRMM TMI (89 GHz channel) and the Aqua AMSRE (85 GHz channel). This process is absent in all of the PI models described. Ingrid was the ninth named storm and second hurricane of the 2013 Atlantic hurricane season. After some years, Kerry returned to MIT, now as a member of its faculty. Radar reflectivity image from Kingston, Jamaica at 1445 UTC 10 Sep 2004. If we are only interested in the azimuthal rotation about the vertical axis, we only need the vertical component of the relative angular momentum: where M is now the magnitude of this vertical component of the absolute angular momentum, r is the scalar radial distance to the location where the rotational wind has speed v, and fo is the value of the Coriolis parameter at the center of the storm. In some cases, the SAL can weaken or limit intensification, e.g., Erin in 2001 (Fig. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Jeremiah, 23:19. and it was not hundreds of years ago. Why is it that every storm is not a Cat. [24] In Veracruz alone, the rains flooded 68rivers, which damaged 121roads and 31bridges, including two destroyed bridges. 8.32). The centre of the cyclone is termed the eye of the cyclone. 8.52: SST > 28C (favorable for tropical cyclones) and Eady baroclinic growth rate (a proxy for midlatitude cyclone development). In the strict formulation of the Carnot model, the heat added to keep the surface air isothermal can come from two sources: sensible heat flux at the ocean surface (warm water heating the air via conduction) and heat release due to the frictional deceleration of the winds as they flow over the ocean surface. One message comes out of all of these genesis mechanisms: each component 135. Note that as a mid-latitude cyclone moves from west to east, we experience the warm air mass in front of the cold front first, then the air behind the cold front. Extratropical transition of tropical cyclones (Section 8.5) can cause extreme waves. These structures are affected by varying winds as they move around the eyewall and provide clues about how eyewalls transform during rapid changes in intensity. For the 2007 storm, see, Ingrid shortly before being upgraded to a hurricane on September 14, Tropical Depression Ten Discussion Number 1, Tropical Storm Ingrid Discussion Number 4, Tropical Storm Ingrid Discussion Number 5, Tropical Storm Ingrid Discussion Number 9, Tropical Storm Ingrid Discussion Number 17, 2013: Mxico vive un ao histrico en desastres naturales, Tropical Depression Ingrid Discussion Number 18, Tropical Depression Ingrid Discussion Number 19, "Rare twin storms batter Mexico, 40 dead", Mxico Info Note: Remnants of "Ingrid" and "Manuel", Mxico - Nota Informativa: Remanentes de "Ingrid" y "Manuel", "Mexico hit by Hurricane Ingrid and Tropical Storm Manuel", "Tamaulipas floods Twitter with Ingrid alerts; video appears to show Gulf Cartel dabbling in disaster relief", El Coordinador Nacional de Proteccin Civil, Luis Felipe Puente Espinosa y el Subsecretario de Normatividad de Medios de la Secretara de Gobernacin y Vocero del Gabinete de Seguridad del Gobierno de la Repblica, Eduardo Snchez Hernndez, "Hurricane Ingrid, Tropical Storm Manuel hit Mexico, killing 15", Suman 46 mil afectados por "Ingrid" en Veracruz, "Hurricane Ingrid and Storm Manuel claim over 30 lives in Mexico", WSPA Disaster Assessment and Needs Analysis: Flooding in Mexico, "Tamaulipas y Veracruz se preparan para la llegada del huracn 'Ingrid', "Habilitan delegaciones de la Sedesol y sectorizadas como centros de acopio", "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections", "Contina Operativo Federal de Salud en los estados inundados", "Conferencia de prensa que ofreci el subsecretario de Normatividad de Medios y Vocero del Gabinete de Seguridad del Gobierno de la Repblica, Eduardo Snchez Hernndez", "Llevan Sedesol y Bancos de Alimentos productos a las zonas marginadas", "Entrega Cruz Roja Mexicana ayuda humanitaria a pobladores de seis comunidades en Pnuco, Veracruz", WMO retires Ingrid and Manuel for Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins, National Hurricane Center's advisory archive on Ingrid, National Hurricane Center's graphical archive on Ingrid, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Ingrid&oldid=1077128354, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 March 2022, at 17:23. Molinari, J., D. Knight, M. Dickinson, D. Vollaro, and S. Skubis, 1997: Potential vorticity, easterly waves, and eastern Pacific tropical cyclogenesis. 8.64). (Lower) Enhanced IR image of tropical cyclones on 22 Feb 2007. The SaffirSimpson scale was updated by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in early 2010.a The 2010 update removed both central pressure and storm surge from the SaffirSimpson scale. Fig. A., R. L. Gall, 1991: On a mechanism for orographic triggering of tropical cyclones in the Eastern North Pacific. The low moved eastwards and deepened with cyclonic status being reached around1200 UTC 21 February when about 100 km south of Willis Island. At 1500UTC on September13, the tropical storm warning was extended northward to Cabo Rojo, Veracruz, with a tropical storm watch northward to La Pesca, Tamaulipas. Inflow in the atmospheric boundary layer is assumed to be isothermal, even though the air is moistening due to evaporation from the sea surface and the surface pressure is dropping (since the need for an incipient disturbance discussed in Section 8.3 means that air is already flowing towards the center of a low pressure system). Mature Stage. The VSCS with an intensity of 64 knots or more lasts for 2-3 days as against a global average of 6 days. For example, major Hurricane Ivan weakened, from a category 5 to a category 4, as it approached Jamaica from the southeast, in part because of an eyewall replacement cycle. One of the challenges of mitigation for tropical cyclones is that the responsibilities for the various aspects (warnings, education, zoning, recovery, etc.) Eyewall replacement cycle in Typhoon Sudal in the West Pacific, seen in SSM/I 85 GHz HPolarized image from 813 April 2004 (image courtesy of Dr. Jeff Hawkins, NRL Monterey). Lightning generated in the unstable coastal zone can also create a hazard (generally just offshore) to the population near the coast.38,39. For example, in the North Atlantic, the climatological peak of ET incidence is in October, while September is the peak month for tropical cyclone formation.124 Fifty percent of October storms undergo ET; this ratio is 48% in September and below 40% in all other months. Florence stayed strong because there was no land in its path across the Atlantic to slow the storm's progress. Microwave sensors such as TMI estimate wind speed away from heavy precipitation regions. In this way, the results in this section can be extended to both a synoptic-scale environment and to the Fujiwhara interaction of two or more tropical cyclones. 107. PI is the maximum possible surface wind speed or minimum central pressure attainable by an individual storm given the constraints imposed on it by the thermodynamics of its environment. Tropical cyclones typically weaken as they recurve,96,97 but as they move into the extratropics these systems can reintensify into intense midlatitude storms with extensive regions of intense rain and larger gale (and even hurricane) force wind areas than their tropical antecedents.122 The remnant tropical cyclone can also provide a region of enhanced thermal contrast for the later development of an intense midlatitude storm. While the waves may be relatively low in the open ocean, they gain height as they approach the coast (Fig. 98. (Type your response in the box below.). A., A., D. M. Powell, and D. L. Ropp, 1999: The interaction of easterly waves, orography, and the intertropical convergence zone in the genesis of eastern Pacific tropical cyclones. The technique is based on the general expectation that tropical cyclones are roughly axially symmetric in terms of wind speed. the IR-BD curve, to identify intense convection and changes in the cloud 81. 6. Simpson, R. H., 1974: The hurricane disaster potential scale. Fig. Kossin, J. P., J. 87. Schematic of CISK: (a) given an incipient low-level cyclone with a moist boundary layer, frictional convergence of moisture, and forced ascent drive convection; (b) latent heating due to convection reduces surface pressure, strengthens the low-level cyclone, and enhances moisture convergence and convection in a positive feedback loop. 8.54. Tropical Cyclone Ingrid developed to a Category (Cat) 5 system by 8 March and around 0600 CST on 10 March Ingrid made landfall on Cape York as a Cat 4 tropical cyclone. Part I. Bryan O'Keefe had tried every diet but was losing and gaining what felt like the same 40 pounds. The names of people are no longer used for storms in the western North Pacific: storm names for this region are drawn from a list of generic words. When the disturbance size is wider than LR, it persists; systems that are smaller than LR will disperse (Fig. A. Knaff, H. I. Berger, D. C. Herndon, T. A. Cram, C. S. Velden, R. J. Murnane, and J. D. Hawkins, 2007: Estimating hurricane wind structure in the absence of aircraft reconnaissance. 193. Miller's model of the mature hurricane is consistent with Conditional Instability of the Second Kind (CISK), a theory for tropical cyclone maintenance and intensification that was proposed, in the early 1960s, by two groups simultaneously.52,53 According to the "CISK view", the frictional convergence of warm, moist (high e) boundary layer air into the tropical cyclone determines the amount of latent heat release in the eyewall convection (Fig. 8.24. So why does every tropical cyclone not intensify to 100 m s-1? 8.54). Barotropic ITCZ breakdown simulations. At the end of this chapter, you should understand and be able to: Note that the following sections are highly theoretical; experience in dynamic meteorology is recommended: Tropical cyclones have impacted the course of history, confounding the attempts of the Kublai Khan to invade Japan in 12661,2 and changing the course of early European settlement3 in North America. stage of development of tropical cyclone florencefrankie ryan city on a hill dead. Kiladis, G. N., M. Wheeler, 1995: Horizontal and vertical structure of observed tropospheric equatorial Rossby waves. However, as we shall see, all moist convection is not created equal and convection is not always immediately good for a storm. The remnant tropical storm can also provide a source of enhanced thermal contrast for the later development of an intense midlatitude storm. Willoughby, H. E., 1990: Temporal changes of the primary circulation in tropical cyclones. Liu, K.-., M. L. Fearn, 1993: Lake-sediment record of late Holocene hurricane activities from coastal Alabama. Cyclones are natural calamities that strike as violent storms and grievous weather conditions, caused by disturbances in the atmosphere. "[10] At around 1115UTC on September16, Ingrid made landfall just south of La Pesca, Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico, after having weakened into a strong tropical storm with 100km/h (65mph) winds. Issues associated with evacuation include, but are not limited to the following: 125. 231. LR is inversely proportional to latitude so it is very large in the tropics. The (i) boundary layer inflow, (ii) eyewall, (iii) cirrus shield, (iv) rainbands, and (v) upper tropospheric outflow (Fig. and "What are the mechanisms through which variations in the base state of the climate affect tropical cyclones?" 85 GHz microwave image of Tropical Cyclone Catarina taken by the TMI at 0501 UTC 28 Mar 2004. Hurricane Ivan intensity estimated by aircraft reconnaissance, ODT, and ADT. Hart, R. E., J. L. Evans, 2001: A climatology of the extratropical transition of Atlantic tropical cyclones. However, the largest confirmed loss of life due to a hurricane in the Western Hemisphere was due to The Great Hurricane of October 1780, which is estimated to have caused the deaths of about 22,000 people, with around 9,000 lost in Martinique, 4,000-5,000 in St. Eustatius, and over 4,300 in Barbados.40 Thousands of deaths also occurred offshore. Emanuel, K. A., 1995: Sensitivity of tropical cyclones to surface exchange coefficients and a revised steady-state model incorporating eye dynamics. Topographic enhancement of the storm rainfall compounded the flooding in Muscat. Schematic of upper and lower PV perturbation waves undergoing baroclinic growth as an initially subtropical system with convective heating between the layers modifying the system by diabatic rearrangement of PV. Tropical Cyclone Ingrid developed to a Category (Cat) 5 system by 8 March and around 0600 CST on 10 March Ingrid made landfall on Cape York as a Cat 4 tropical cyclone. Geological studies have revealed layers of sediment in an Alabama lakebed believed to have been brought inland by storm surges as many as 3000 years ago.224 Storm surges are aggravated by high tide. Meteorologists have divided the development of a tropical cyclone into four stages: Tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, and full-fledged tropical cyclone. Kerry has mentored many young scientists; he is the author (or co-author) of more than 100 journal and review articles, as well as three books. Mesoscale convective systems move with and through the synoptic-scale AEWs (Fig. Although detrimental to the original vortex, shear acted in concert with this vortex to modify the thermodynamic environment (through generation of convection, convergence and moistening of the atmosphere), so that when the Danny vortex reformed, it could intensify (further details of this process are given in Section 8.4.1.2). 8.62). Society (IRI), National Meteorological Service, Mxico (SMN), vertical component of the Coriolis parameter (s, latitudinal gradient of the Coriolis parameter (s, CPS parameter (lower tropospheric thermal wind), CPS parameter (upper tropospheric thermal wind), symmetric averages of the cylindrical wind components, asymmetric components of the cylindrical wind, saturation equivalent potential temperature, vector radius from the Earth axis of rotation, distance from the Earth axis for this application (m), absolute velocity (Earth motion plus wind) (m s, vertical component of the absolute vorticity (s, Lagrangian (total) derivative ("following the flow"), Eulerian derivative (at a fixed location), advection of the vertical component of absolute vorticity, total wind partitioned into symmetric and asymmetric components, total wind partitioned into symmetric, environment, gyres, Describe tropical cyclone global climatology (where and when they form, where most form, least, or none form), Identify distinguishing features of tropical cyclones (eye, eyewall, spiral bands, surface inflow, upper outflow), Identify inner core features such as eye-wall vortices, Describe ingredients needed for formation or genesis (including subtropical genesis), Define the stages of a tropical cyclone lifecycle (wave, depression, tropical storm, tropical cyclone, severe tropical cyclone, decay), Describe the key storm and environmental factors impacting intensity change, Using satellite remote sensing, describe how you could detect changes in intensity of tropical cyclones, Describe the links found between inner core dynamics and changes in cyclone structure and intensity, Describe the mechanisms that influence tropical cyclone motion from its precursor tropical wave to its landfall in a midlatitude continent, Describe various mechanisms that lead to extratropical transition, Describe the hazards of tropical cyclones particularly those at landfall (storm surge, heavy rain and floods, strong winds, tornadoes, ocean waves) and understand the basic mechanisms for each type of hazard. However, friction has two roles in CISK: (1) deceleration of surface winds (below gradient wind balance) is the cause of (2) frictional convergence that imports the moist, boundary layer air. Tropical cyclone tracks Tropical cyclones in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres tend to move westward and drift slowly poleward. Three applications of PI illustrate its utility for understanding the evolution and impacts of real tropical cyclones: (i) inference of maximum possible intensity for an observed tropical cyclone anywhere on the globe (Fig. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. I'll Help You Setup A Blog. Sadler, J. C., 1976: A role of the tropical upper tropospheric trough in early season typhoon development. 198. Guishard, M. P., 2006: Atlantic subtropical storms: climatology and characteristics. While the SAL may inhibit development of African easterly waves into tropical storms,152 the waves have been proposed as transportation for Saharan dust158 and so may be implicated in their own demise! Kossin, J. P., W. H. Schubert, 2001: Mesovortices, polygonal flow patterns, and rapid pressure falls in hurricane-like vortices. This last constraint is not applied uniformly. Consider the impacts of the storm environment, including the presence of multiple storms. In addition to estimates of intensity, remotely-sensed observations help scientists to understand the large-scale environment and TC internal instabilities, factors which influence tropical cyclone Categories . What does this really mean? Fig. First was the Objective Dvorak Technique (ODT), then the Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique (AODT), and, as of 2006, the Advanced Dvorak Technique (ADT). A., S. A. Seseske, M. DeMaria, and J. L. Demuth, 2004: On the influences of vertical wind shear on symmetric tropical cyclone structure derived from AMSU. 204. II: Large-scale asymmetries. For example, the suppression of convection in the Maritime Continent, and extension of the deep convective zone into the central Pacific and Indian Ocean basins during a warm event, is accompanied by changes to the vertical wind shear and SST patterns across the tropics. Thus, while an intense symmetric cyclone is more protected from influences that might weaken it, its strong inertial stability does not extend to the tropopause. Fig. The. 2008). Tropical cyclogenesis is likely near the peak of the MJO; Fig. Bister, M., K. A. Emanuel, 1997: The genesis of Hurricane Guillermo: TEXMEX analyses and a modeling study. 9.34).50, In the process of tropical cyclogenesis from an equatorial wave, a region of active convection forms on the northwest side of a near-equatorial wave trough (in the region of maximum low-level convergence for a mixed Rossby-gravity wave). Knight, J. R., R. J. Allan, C. K. Folland, M. Vellinga, and M. E. Mann, 2005: A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate. Damages from cyclones that make landfall are multifaceted, being a product of the physical climate system (i.e. (Type your answer in box.). What is a Cyclone?Tropical CycloneTypes of Tropical Cyclone,Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclone and TornadoesMesocyclonesPolar Lows or Arctic HurricanesExtratropical or Midlatitude CyclonesTypes of Cyclones in India, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Increased understanding of interannual modulators of tropical cyclone activity has inspired seasonal forecasts of likely season severity.161,170,171,172,173 While these forecasts have skill they have largely failed to identify shifts in activity that may be associated with multidecadal variability or, possibly, with global climate change.160,174 To provide context for such shifts in tropical cyclone activity, longer term records of these storms175 and variations in environmental factors modulating genesis176 are necessary. Kleeman, R., J. P. McCreary Jr, and B. Weatherford, C. L., W. M. Gray, 1988: Typhoon structure as revealed by aircraft reconnaissance. Adem, J., P. Lezama, 1960: On the motion of a cyclone embedded in a uniform flow. Identify five parts of the tropical cyclone and where you would expect to find them with respect to the surface center of the storm. 8.48. Posted by May 23, 2021 Leave a comment on how did tropical cyclone ingrid impact economy. Fig. Government has declared the tropical storm Eloise, which hit South Africa and its neighbours in the last week of January, a national disaster.The state of disaster allows government to rule by decree, bypassing parliament.It also opens up access to emergency funds. Adem, J., 1956: A series solution for the barotropic vorticity equation and its application in the study of atmospheric vortices. With the new range, the categories match across units. Fig. The instruments may have been blown or washed away or the instruments may not be located in the path of the storm. Hurricane Florence made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, shortly after dawn on September 14, 2018. Where associated damage is provided it refers to the expected damage in the maximum wind zone. Ingrid weakened rapidly after making landfall near Kalumburu in Western Australia, but continued to be an intense rain event (in Wyndham 272 mm of rainfall was recorded in 48 hours). Eloise . Later, the names came from the military alphabet. Karyampudi, V. M., T. N. Carlson, 1988: Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances. Centroid-relative track of a pair of interacting (a) Northern Hemisphere and (b) Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones illustrating the four stages of storm-storm interactions: (i) Approach (A) and Capture (C), (ii) Mutual Orbit (O), and either (iii) Merger (M) or (iv) Escape (E) after Release (R). Goldenberg, S. B., L. J. Shapiro, 1996: Physical mechanisms for the association of El Nio and west African rainfall with Atlantic major hurricane activity. For FREE! In the Carnot cycle view, the air rises nearly moist adiabatically in the eyewall, conserving while becoming increasingly dry due to rain.70,90 The combination of pressure drop and drying results in much cooler temperatures in the outflow layer (just below the tropopause) than the boundary layer inflow temperatures (which are taken to be the same as the SST) (Fig. (Type your response in the box below.). The mid-level vortex must build down toward the surface to generate the surface inflow and increased surface fluxes needed for subsequent development.70,54 In an unstable environment, ascent into the mid-level vortex can force convection. Fig. How do i lose weight fast? The secondary circulation (in-up-and-out) of the storm now feeds this outer convection, resulting in subsidence in the vicinity of the old eyewall. 8.59. 119. Binary interactions occurred when the tropical cyclone centers were separated by distances of less than 1300 1400 km, but this critical separation distance depending on the sizes of the interacting systems.40,215 Of these interacting cyclones, 70% orbited cyclonically around one another with slower speeds of rotation around the other vortex with larger separation distance. Response was most affected by physical cues (e.g., images of the size and intensity of the storm); proximity to the threat; experience with hazards,m and social cues (e.g., trusted neighbors evacuating). The city of Tazumuddin (in the Bhola district of Bangladesh) was the most severely affected, with over 45% of the population of 167,000 killed by the storm. When the water vapor from the warm ocean condenses to form clouds, it releases its heat to the air. Charney, J., M. E. Stern, 1962: On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere. The formation of Tropical Storm Ana in April 2003 and the 2005 Atlantic storms, concluding with Tropical Storm Zetafor which warnings were issued until 6 January 2006, mean that tropical cyclones have been recorded in the North Atlantic in all months except February and March. Image Courtesy : upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/India_relief_location_map.jpg Formation of tropical cyclones. Radar reflectivity composite image of Hurricane Rita taken by ELDORA, 22 Sep 2005, during the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX). As a result, it is difficult to create a balanced, cyclonic incipient disturbance to intensify into a tropical cyclone. Tropical Cyclones. CPS diagnostics are used to distinguish different phases of the development in the lifecycle of a tropical cyclone, for example, the onset and completion of the transitions from subtropical to tropical cyclones23 and from tropical to extratropical cyclones36 (Section 8.5). Lightning flashes and radar reflectivity of Hurricane Charley (2004). Yet, Japan suffered a total of ten landfalls and the US state of Florida had three landfalls and suffered the effects of a fourth storm that made landfall in the adjacent state of Alabama (Box 89). 8.52) for any substantial time period, ET is less likely. 8.4) are found in all tropical depressions and tropical storms. Part I: Evolution of structural characteristics during the transition process. These and the above-mentioned national centers also prepare comprehensive best track archives of tropical cyclones in their warning area. The eye, with very destructive wind gusts up to 220km/h within a 20km radius, reached the far northern coast of the Australian state of Queensland between 6am and 9am on 10 March 2005 AEST, and hit the Cape York Peninsula.

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