what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates

. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. 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What started as a debate over the Tariff of Abominations soon morphed into debates over state and federal sovereignty and liberty and disunion. An equally. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches delivered before the Senate in 1830. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. An equally talented orator, Webster rose as the advocate of the North in the debate with his captivating reply to Hayne's initial argument. Those who are in favor of consolidation; who are constantly stealing power from the states and adding strength to the federal government; who, assuming an unwarrantable jurisdiction over the states and the people, undertake to regulate the whole industry and capital of the country. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Sece Distribution of the Slave Population by State. It has always been regarded as a matter of domestic policy, left with the states themselves, and with which the federal government had nothing to do. It is one from which we are not disposed to shrink, in whatever form or under whatever circumstances it may be pressed upon us. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. . But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . Webster and the northern states saw the Constitution as binding the individual states together as a single union. The gentleman takes alarm at the sound. I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. . Webster scoffed at the idea of consolidation, labeling it "that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusion." What Hayne and his supporters actually meant to do, Webster claimed, was to resist those means that might strengthen the bonds of common interest. But that was found insufficient, and inadequate to the public exigencies. You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll hopefully stay awake until the end of the lesson. Let us look at his probablemodus operandi. Which of the following statements best represents the desires of the Northern states during the debate of Missouri statehood? I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. Webster believed that the Constitution should be viewed as a binding document between the United States rather than an agreement between sovereign states. The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. But the gentleman apprehends that this will make the Union a rope of sand. Sir, I have shown that it is a power indispensably necessary to the preservation of the constitutional rights of the states, and of the people. So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. . But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. Available in hard copy and for download. . The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. . . There was no clear winner of the debate, but the Union's victory over the Confederacy just a few decades later brought Webster's ideas to fruition. . Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. I understand him to maintain this right, as a right existing under the Constitution; not as a right to overthrow it, on the ground of extreme necessity, such as would justify violent revolution. . Ah! . During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South. Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. . I love a good debate. Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. . After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. 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The people read Webster's speech and marked him as the champion henceforth against all assaults upon the Constitution. Strange was it, however, that in heaping reproaches upon the Hartford Convention he did not mark how nearly its leaders had mapped out the same line of opposition to the national Government that his State now proposed to take, both relying upon the arguments of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899. For Calhoun, see the Speech on Abolition Petitions and the Speech on the Oregon Bill. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. I understand him to maintain an authority, on the part of the states, thus to interfere, for the purpose of correcting the exercise of power by the general government, of checking it, and of compelling it to conform to their opinion of the extent of its powers. MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. . Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. . Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Wester-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism", Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebsterHayne_debate&oldid=1135315190, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 22:54. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. . . The faction of voters in the North were against slavery and feared it spreading into new territory. . They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws. Who, then, Mr. President, are the true friends of the Union? Hayne was a great orator, filled with fiery passion and eloquent prose. Enveloping all of these changes was an ever-growing tension over the economy, as southern states firmly defended slavery and northern states advocated for a more industrial, slave-free market. a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question We do not impose geographical limits to our patriotic feeling or regard; we do not follow rivers and mountains, and lines of latitude, to find boundaries, beyond which public improvements do not benefit us. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. . The debaters were Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. Create your account. He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. . Benton was rising in renown as the advocate not only of Western settlers but of a new theory that the public lands should be given away instead of sold to them. She has worked as a university writing consultant for over three years. succeed. | 12 In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). It was a great and salutary measure of prevention. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. . Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. There is not, and never has been, a disposition in the North to interfere with these interests of the South. Let us look at the historical facts. The debate was important because it laid out the arguments in favor of nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism. Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. State governments were in control of their own affairs and expected little intervention from the federal government. The Confederation was, in strictness, a compact; the states, as states, were parties to it. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. . It impressed on the soil itself, while it was yet a wilderness, an incapacity to bear up any other than free men. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . Address to the Slaves of the United States. Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter. They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. . The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. . We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. Sir, I have had some opportunities of making comparisons between the condition of the free Negroes of the North and the slaves of the South, and the comparison has left not only an indelible impression of the superior advantages of the latter, but has gone far to reconcile me to slavery itself. He tells us, we have heard much, of late, about consolidation; that it is the rallying word for all who are endeavoring to weaken the Union by adding to the power of the states. But consolidation, says the gentleman, was the very object for which the Union was formed; and in support of that opinion, he read a passage from the address of the president of the Convention[3] to Congress (which he assumes to be authority on his side of the question.) No doubt can exist, that, before the states entered into the compact, they possessed the right to the fullest extent, of determining the limits of their own powersit is incident to all sovereignty. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? The Webster-Hayne debate laid out key issues faced by the Senate in the 1820s and 1830s. This is the sense in which the Framers of the Constitution use the word consolidation; and in which sense I adopt and cherish it. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification.

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